Five Step Appeal

The Five Step Appeal is a widely used communication framework in policing, designed to manage conflict and encourage compliance in a structured, professional, and non-escalatory manner. It allows officers to assert authority while respecting individuals’ dignity, fostering cooperation in tense situations. Step 1: Simple Appeal

The Simple Appeal involves a polite and direct request for compliance. This step ensures that the officer’s tone remains calm and non-threatening. The purpose is to encourage cooperation without escalating the situation. The officer gives the individual an opportunity to comply voluntarily, setting a constructive tone. Ask the person to comply with your request. You might say, "Move away from the car, please" or "Please Step back." This stage allows the person to respond without confrontation, offering a chance for voluntary cooperation.

Step 2: Reasoned Appeal

The Reasoned Appeal involves explaining the rationale behind the request, linking it to broader concerns like public safety or the law. Officers provide a clear reason why the request is being made, helping the individual understand the importance of compliance. This step fosters an understanding of the consequences if the request is ignored. Explain why the request has been made, what law (if any) has been broken, and why the request is necessary. For example, “You’re blocking the road, which is an offence, and we need you to move so traffic can flow.” This provides clarity and helps the individual see why compliance is important.

Step 3: Personal Appeal

The Personal Appeal focuses on empathy and connection. The officer shows understanding, reminding the individual of the potential consequences they might face, including personal costs or harm. This appeal makes the situation more relatable by connecting the request to the person’s own priorities and values. Remind the person that they may be jeopardising things that are important to them, such as loss of free time if arrested, loss of money, or a criminal record. You might say, “By resisting arrest, you’re putting yourself in a situation that could affect your job and future.” This step helps the person relate the situation to their personal life and priorities.

Step 4: Final Appeal

The Final Appeal is a firm warning about the potential consequences of continued non-compliance. In this step, the officer provides a clear message about the actions they are prepared to take. This gives one last opportunity for compliance before enforcement measures are carried out. Tell the person what is required and use a phrase that means the same as: "Is there anything I can reasonably do or say to make you cooperate with me/us?" For example, "If you don’t comply, you're being arrest you." This step is your final chance for the individual to comply without further consequences.

Step 5: Action

The Action stage is the enforcement of the consequences when all previous steps fail. If the individual continues to resist, the officer must take appropriate action, such as removing the individual or making an arrest. This step ensures compliance is achieved and the situation is brought to a close. Reasonable force may be the only option left in the case of continued resistance. After all previous appeals have been attempted, the officer may need to enforce compliance using appropriate and proportionate force to ensure the situation is resolved.